MODALS

 

May (past form is may have verb₃)

 

• Polite request
• Formal permission
• Less than % 50 certainty

 

Might (past form is might have verb₃)

 

• Polite eques
• Less than % 50 certainty

 

Should (past form is should have verb₃)

 

• Advisability
• %90 certainty

 

Ought to (past form is ought to have verb₃)

 

• Advisability
• %90 certainty

 

Must (past form is must have verb₃)

 

• Strong necessity
• Prohibition (negative)
• %95 certainty

 

Will (past form is will have verb₃)

 

• Willingness
• Plan but not for sure
• Polite request

 

 

 

Can (past form is can have verb₃)

 

• Ability (innate)
• Possibility
• Informal permission
• Informal polite request
• Impossibility (negative)

 

Be able to

 

• Talent

 

Could (past form is could have verb₃)

 

• Past ability
• Polite request
• Suggestion
• Less than %50 certainty
• Impossibility (negative)

 

 

 

Had better (never used with past form)

 

• Advisability with threat of bad result

 

Be supposed to

• Expectation

 

Be to

• Strong expectation

 

Have to

• Obligation
• Lack of necessity (negative)

 

Have got to

• Obligation

 

 

Be going to

• %100 certainty
• Definite plan

 

 

 

Would

• Polite request
• Preference
• Repeated action in the past

 

Used to

• Repeated action in the past

 

To be used to + verb_ing

 

• To be accustomed to something which started in the before.

 

To get used to + verb_ing

 

 

 

 

Shall

• Polite question to make a suggestion
• Future with ‘I’ or ‘we’ as subject

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