ÇEVİRİ
- yüklem
Experts predict – tahmin etmektedir
Are working – çalışmaktadır
Gets weaker – zayıflar
Geologists want to know – bilmek istemektedir.
BE
Is no evidence – kanıt yoktur.
Is the first tangible clue – elle tutulur ilk ipucudur
Was not clear – açık değildir –değildi
Were important – önemliydi
- özne
Men are – erkekler
Scientists were – bilim adamları
Most of the animals were – çoğu hayvan
- zarf – sıfat – tanımlayıcı
more importan than – daha önemli
mos of the time – çoğu zaman
only- sadece
exceptionally – istisnai
clearly- açıkça
surprisingly- şaşırtıcı biçimde
undoubtedly – şüphesiz
mutually – karşılıklı olarak
- cümle türü ( sıfat- zarf – isim)
when they discovered – keşfettiklerinde
although it was not possible – mümkün olmamasına rağmen
if the experiments conducted – deneyler yapılırsa
after the match had ended – maç tamamlandıktan sonra
people who were at risk – tehlikede olan insanlar
PARAGRAF TAMAMLAMA – PARAGRAFA UYMAYANI ATMA
İlk Cümle
Paragrafın geri kalan kısmını içine alacak bir konu cümlesi
- Son cümle
Paragrafı özetleyecek, sonuca bağlayacak bir cümle
- Gereksiz zaman değişikliklerine dikkat edelim.
- Aşağıdaki ifadelere dikkat edelim.
- There are many reasons_____ . One of them is
- There were various _____ . The most important one is
- many cases _____ / such cases
- First _____ . Second _____ . / Third _____.
- 1990 ____ . 1995 _____ . 2000 _____.
- 19th century _____ . 20th century _____ . 21st century _____ .
- There are many people _____ . Most of them are…. / Some of them are
- Two types of _____ . Both were _____ .
- These are cats and dogs _____ . The former ____. The latter ____.
- Einstein was ____ . He ____ ./ His _____ . _____ him
- Many obstacles _____ . These include
- The computer is _____. It _____. Many types of it _____.
- A scientist _____ . The scientist _____ . This expert is _____ . He / She is _____ .
- Ankara was _____ . This town was _____ . /
- One was _____ . The other was _____.
- One was _____ . Another was _____. / Another was ____. / The other _____ .
- On one hand _____ . On the other hand _____ .
- Scientists _____ . They _____ .
- common_____ . rare _____.
- achievement _____ . acomplisment _____ . success_____.
- whales _____ . Mammals _____ .
- young girls _____ . Young girls _____.
- Major _____ . Minor _____ .
- anlamsal bağlar
Meaning |
Coordinating Conjunctions |
Subordinating Conjunctions |
Transition Words |
addition | and | also, in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore | |
cause/result | so | if, when | therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, consequently |
choice | or, nor | instead, on the other hand | |
similarities | also, by comparison, similarly, likewise | ||
concession | yet | although, even though | nevertheless |
condition | if, unless, even if | ||
opposites | but | whereas, while | however, instead, nevertheless, on the other hand, in contrast |
emphasis | in fact, undoubtedly, indeed | ||
example | for example, as an example, for instance, as an illustration | ||
reason/cause | for | because, as, since | |
conclusion | in conclusion, after all, all in all, finally, overall, in summary | ||
time | before, after, until, when, while since | then, next, later, earlier |
- Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.
- The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.
- Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. Thus, it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.
- A mother recognises the feel of her child’s skin when blindfolded. Similarly, she can instantly identify her baby’s cry.
- Most marriages fail after between five and nine years. Nevertheless, people continue to get married.
KARŞILIKLI KONUŞMALAR
- Yardımcı fiillerle sorulan sorulara onay ya da ret gerekir.
Do you learn new words everyday?
Yes. / No. / Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. /Absolutely. / Sure. / That’s what I normaly do. / Of course. / True. / Undoubtedly. / That’s right. / Absolutely not. / Are you kidding? Of course not.
- Soru kelimeleriyle sorulan sorulara yes, no ve benzeri cevaplar veremeyiz.
What do you think about the article on space travels?
Oh, it is interesting. / The article? I haven’t read it yet. / That is inadequate. / It includes many unusual information.
- Öznelerin ve nesnelerin( zamirlerin) tekrar edilmesi bir ipucu olabilir. (tekillik-çoğulluk)
- Have you heard about the accident ? B. No, I haven’t heard about it ?
- What a ridiculous advertisement this is! B. Most of them are these days. ( = Most of the advertisements are ridiculous these days.)
- Academics like to write about Shakespeare’s plays, you know.
- I know they But that’s not what the public wants.
- How are you enjoying being chairman of the company ?
- It’s a bit of a disappointment really.
- Einstein is the one of the most famous scientists of all times, isn’t he?
- Absolutely, he ( = Yes, he is one of the most famous scientists of all times.)
- Aynı veya benzer kelimelerin (akraba kelimelerin) tekrarı bir ipucu olabilir.
- Do you think Turkish is a hard language to learn?
- Yes, but English is harder.
- Educational techology is necessary to enhance the learning environment says the article.
- Isn’t it clear from the fact that computers, wise-boards and etc. have been used in every field of life?
- Air pollution, mostly caused by fumes from cars, is causing a sharp rise in illnesses such as asthma, hay fever, bronchitis and lung cancer. We must do something about it.
- Well, I agree with you. The first step must be to enhance the public transportation.
OKUMA ANLAMA SORULARI
- Parçada yer alan bir kelime soru kökünde yada doğru seçenekte direkt olarak yer alabilir.
Educational technology————- educational technology
In the 18th century——————- in the 18th century
- Parçada geçen bir kelime eş anlamlısı, türüne göre sıfat, zarf isim, fiil halleriyle,kelimenin değişik bir haliyle ve de yaptığı çağrışımlarla(akraba kelimelerle) soru kökünde yada doğru seçenekte direkt olarak yer alabilir.
Nutrition nourishment, food, diet, digestion
Regenerate regeneration, renew, recreate
Pivotal important, crucial, essential, importance,vital
Restrict restriction, limit, limitation
Maintain maintenance
Hazard hazardous, dangerous, menace,peril, harm
Invent invention, inventor, creativity
Ability capacity, gift, talent, skill, able, capability, aptitude, skilled, talented
Rival contestant, rivalry, competition
Tendency propensity, trend, inclination, tend
Wealty affluent , rich, prosperity
Book read, reading, publication
The bird the animal
Use consume, consumption
Help assist, assistance, helpful, aid
Quick quickly, rapid, rapidly, swiftly
Rude impolite, impoliteness, rudeness
- Parçada geçen bir gramer yapısı denk yapılarla soru kökünde ve doğru seçenekte geçebilir.
Since ——- as, because,
If———— unless, as long as, provided that
Although— even though, though, despite, in spite of, but, nevertheless
Active—— passive
- Yukarıda sıralanan üç madde aynı anda görülebilir.
1-2-3. maddelere örnekler:
- We learn from the passage that in the opinion of Halley, _____ .
- a comet may, at some point in the future, strike Earth
Parçada geçen ifade:
But Halley noted something else as well: a comet crossing the orbit of the earth might one day collide with us.
- According to the passage , it was decided, after careful consideration, that the height of the drawbridge _____ .
- should be the same as that of the previous one.
Parçada geçen ifade:
When an examination of the bridges records show that
The state decided to build a new drawbridge with the same height as the old one.
- According to the passage, as the economic strength of the developing world increases, one of the drawbacks this leads to is _____ .
- governments begin to interfere in the affairs of neighbours and ,hence, may cause political risks.
Parçada geçen ifade:
As economies in the developing world get stronger, governments are getting more assertive and meddling with both companies and neighbouring countries, increasing political risks.
- Yanlış seçeneklerde kullanılması muhtemel sıfat, zarf ve belirleyiciler kesin olarak metin içerisinde ifade edilmedikçe ( bizzat kendileri ya da eşanlamlılarıyla) aşağıda sıralananların yer aldığı şıklar yanlış cevap olacaktır.
Always, only, never, hardly, none, little , most, much, few, all, every, sole, complete, entire, full, many, some, invariably, fully, wholly, entirely, absolutely, mostly, mainly, largely, greatly, primarily,
- Yanlış seçenek parçaya göre çok genel çok özel olabilir.
- Regular exercise may contribute to the diet. ( parça diyete etkisi)
Regular exercise may contribute to overcome the stroke. ( yanlış seçenek inmeye etkisi)
- Most of these people spend their evenings watching television. ( parça most)
All of the people watch television in the evenings. (yanlış seçenek all)
- Parçada geçen ifadelerin çok dışında ifadeler, farklı yönlerine gönderme yapan ifadeler veya hiç sözü geçmeyen ifadeler yanlış seçeneklerde kullanılabilir.
- Contrary to popular belief, moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.
Exercise can be usefull for incresing your appetite.
- Computer technology is becoming an increasingly essential part of the modern learning process.
Computer technology is widely used in the medicine world as a usefull tool.
- Volcanos have caused some of the worst disasters in history, including wiping out entire cities and killing thousands of people.
The flooding of the Red River in Manitoba a few years back caused millions of dollars in damage.